What does bias refer to in measurement?

Bias in measurement refers to a systematic difference in measurement that consistently skews the results in a particular direction. It arises when there are inherent flaws in the data collection process, instruments, or methods used that lead to results that deviate from the true values. This systematic error can occur due to a variety of factors, such as poorly calibrated instruments, flawed sampling methods, or subjective influences affecting the interpretation of data.

Recognizing and addressing bias is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data, which is fundamental in quality management and organizational excellence. By understanding bias, organizations can implement strategies to minimize its impact, thereby enhancing the validity of their measurements and consequent decision-making processes.